This article explains some of the most used Linux commands and their
basic usage which will be more helpful for beginners. All these commands
should be entered at the command prompt and you must press the ENTER
button to execute the desired command. Please note that all Linux
commands are case sensitive.
31. rpm command
To install mysql using rpm
To upgrade mysql using rpm.
To uninstall/remove mysql using rpm.
32. yum command
To install mysql
To upgrade mysql
To uninstall/remove mysql
33. apt-get command
To install mysql
To upgrade mysql
To uninstall/remove mysql
34. su - switch user. we switch to different users account in system using su command in terminal.Super user can switch to any other user without entering their password.
only su will change to root user.
35. less- less is very efficient while viewing huge files, as it doesn’t need to load the full file while opening.
36. tail - tail use to view last 10 line in file.it's use full for viewing log files.
Print N number of lines from the file
now we can see last 20 line in that file.
37. whatis - Whatis command displays a single line description about a command.
38. ps - ps command is used to display information about the processes that are running in the system.
To view current running processes
to view particular service process id
39. pgrep - pgrep is an acronym that stands for "Process-ID Global Regular Expressions Print".
pgrep looks through the currently running processes and lists the process IDs which matches the selection criteria to stdout. pgrep is handy when all you want to know is the process id integer of a process.
40. kill - Use kill command to terminate a process.First get the process id using ps -ef command, then use kill -9 to kill the running Linux process as shown below. You can also use killall, pkill, xkill to terminate a unix process.
First find the process id using below command
now kill that process id
31. rpm command
To install mysql using rpm
root@linuxstorage:~# rpm -ivh mysql-server-5.5.i386.rpm
To upgrade mysql using rpm.
root@linuxstorage:~# rpm -uvh mysql-server-5.5.i386.rpm
To uninstall/remove mysql using rpm.
root@linuxstorage:~# rpm -ev mysql
32. yum command
To install mysql
root@linuxstorage:~#yum install mysql -y
To upgrade mysql
root@linuxstorage:~#yum update mysql
To uninstall/remove mysql
root@linuxstorage:~#yum remove mysql
33. apt-get command
To install mysql
root@linuxstorage:~#apt-get install mysql-server
To upgrade mysql
root@linuxstorage:~#apt-get update mysql-server
To uninstall/remove mysql
root@linuxstorage:~#apt-get remove mysql-server
34. su - switch user. we switch to different users account in system using su command in terminal.Super user can switch to any other user without entering their password.
root@linuxstorage:~#su - username
only su will change to root user.
username@linuxstorage:~#su
35. less- less is very efficient while viewing huge files, as it doesn’t need to load the full file while opening.
root@linuxstorage:~# less data.log
36. tail - tail use to view last 10 line in file.it's use full for viewing log files.
root@linuxstorage:~#tail data.log
Print N number of lines from the file
root@linuxstorage:~#tail -n 20 data.log
now we can see last 20 line in that file.
37. whatis - Whatis command displays a single line description about a command.
root@linuxstorage:~#whatis cp
cp (1) - copy files and directories
cp (1p) - copy files
38. ps - ps command is used to display information about the processes that are running in the system.
To view current running processes
root@linuxstorage:~#ps -ef | more
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 09:11 ? 00:00:00 /sbin/init
root 2 0 0 09:11 ? 00:00:00 [kthreadd]
root 3 2 0 09:11 ? 00:00:00 [migration/0]
root 4 2 0 09:11 ? 00:00:00 [ksoftirqd/0]
root 5 2 0 09:11 ? 00:00:00 [migration/0]
root 6 2 0 09:11 ? 00:00:00 [watchdog/0]
root 7 2 0 09:11 ? 00:00:00 [migration/1]
root 8 2 0 09:11 ? 00:00:00 [migration/1]
root 9 2 0 09:11 ? 00:00:00 [ksoftirqd/1]
root 10 2 0 09:11 ? 00:00:00 [watchdog/1]
root 11 2 0 09:11 ? 00:00:00 [events/0]
root 12 2 0 09:11 ? 00:00:00 [events/1]
root 13 2 0 09:11 ? 00:00:00 [cgroup]
root 14 2 0 09:11 ? 00:00:00 [khelper]
more
to view particular service process id
root@linuxstorage:~#ps -ef |grep httpd
root 1871 1 0 09:11 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd
apache 2356 1871 1 10:26 ? 00:03:25 /usr/sbin/httpd
apache 2357 1871 0 10:26 ? 00:01:43 /usr/sbin/httpd
apache 2358 1871 0 10:26 ? 00:01:52 /usr/sbin/httpd
apache 2359 1871 0 10:26 ? 00:02:09 /usr/sbin/httpd
apache 2360 1871 0 10:26 ? 00:02:32 /usr/sbin/httpd
apache 2361 1871 0 10:26 ? 00:02:17 /usr/sbin/httpd
apache 2362 1871 0 10:26 ? 00:02:35 /usr/sbin/httpd
apache 2363 1871 0 10:26 ? 00:00:35 /usr/sbin/httpd
apache 3057 1871 0 12:47 ? 00:00:13 /usr/sbin/httpd
39. pgrep - pgrep is an acronym that stands for "Process-ID Global Regular Expressions Print".
pgrep looks through the currently running processes and lists the process IDs which matches the selection criteria to stdout. pgrep is handy when all you want to know is the process id integer of a process.
root@linuxstorage:~#pgrep httpd
1871
2356
2357
2358
2359
2360
2361
2362
2363
40. kill - Use kill command to terminate a process.First get the process id using ps -ef command, then use kill -9 to kill the running Linux process as shown below. You can also use killall, pkill, xkill to terminate a unix process.
First find the process id using below command
root@linuxstorage:~#pgrep httpd
1871
now kill that process id
root@linuxstorage:~#kill -9 1871
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